Modernization of rural housing based on the principles of Sustainability is one of the most important prerequisites for achieving sustainable development in rural areas. This can only be achieved by knowing the exact status of rural housing and its range of stability. And rural planning is not possible without it. On the other hand, survey of the stability of the different aspects of rural housing will have a decisive role in decisions related to how to promote this project aimed at sustainable rural development. Therefore, this study we have investigated and compared the economic, Social, environmental, technical and physical aspects of new rural housing with Sustainability approach, quantitative paradigm and the case study method. The statistical population in the study were all the people of Baba Hoseyn bridge Village from which a number were selected who had reconstructed their homes. The results are shown in 4 dimensions of new housing's economic, social, environmental, technical and physical aspects in the Baba Hoseyn bridge Village although they have very little inclination towards Sustainability. Despite this, the hybrid economic index for reconstruction of rural housing turned out to be more stable than other metrics.

Introduction: Myocardial bridging is a congenital condition in which a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery has an intra myocardial route. Myocardial bridging is usually confined to a single vessel and is typically the mid segment of the left anterior descending artery. Bridging may be associated with chest pain, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, or usually asymptomatic.Case Report: A 59 year-old women with diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with dyspnea and chest pain on exercise. Physical exam, electrocardiography and echocardiography were intact. In angiography, we found severe stenosis of left main coronary artery and severe stenosis of three coronary artery (Three Vessel Disease) as well as multiple myocardial bridges at the end of right coronary artery.Conclusion: Myocardial bridging is a rave condition, however, it be considered in patients facing recurrent chest pain, it has severe complication such as sudden cardiac death.

Myocardial bridge is a benign congenital anomaly in which a segment of major epicardial coronary arteries descends into the myocardium for a variable distance. Myocardial bridge is most often single and located in the middle part of the left anterior descending artery. The presence of more than one myocardial bridge in coronary arteries is very rare. We present a patient with more than one myocardial bridge in the left anterior descending artery.The case was a 55- year old man, referred to our clinic with the complaint of atypical chest pain. In the radionuclide study a reversible ischemia in the anterior wall was found. For this abnormal finding, he underwent a coronary angiography and it showed two myocardial bridges in the mid and end segments of the left anterior descending artery.Since myocardial bridge is usually single, the present case with two consecutive myocardial bridges in one artery can be presented as a very rare case report.

The bridge can be a link between the fictions of two lands and reach a cosmopolitan thinking. On one side, a short story by Kafka and the other side, long philosophical story by an Iranian author; Qodsi Hosseini:a woman who has tried to transform the disintegrator despair of Kafka's existential bridge by finding herself in Lacan's great other, along with crossing the bridge, with the help of nested narrative and Bakhtine's polyphony in a surrealist and meaningful atmosphere. In both stories, the symbolic and the personal with the language function of empathy and aesthetics are tied together and present simultaneously in the text.This research has done a comparative analysis of two stories which has the same name with a semiotic approach and a descriptive analytical method, and demonstrates a striking coherence among the linguistic elements in conveying a unified message in Kafka's "bridge," whereas the diverse symbolism and extensive intertextual references in Hosseini's "bridge" enrich the text's message. These messages are spiritual and ethical, possibly influenced by the author's Eastern origins. The gentle tone and slow rhythm of Hosseini in contrast to the harshness and intense, pounding rhythm of Kafka's, may be influenced by the narrators' genders. While the bridge in Kafka's work transforms from object to subject, other elements in Hosseini's work signify the intermingling of object and subject. This entanglement of two discursive agents, representing the hidden self of the subject within the safe haven of the object, constitutes the most important significant commonality between the two narratives.

Changes of up to 80°C has been reported for oral cavity temperature. This could well effecti on the nature of restorations for example failure of bonding of adhesive restorations. It is advocated that using opaque layer in porcelane to restorations could reduce this problem. This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect mentioned using finitelement analysis method.Results showed that cooling has a more destructive effect than warming process restorations with the presence of opaque having a finitelement analysis effect on restorations.

Background and Objectives: The scouring of river bed around bridge is one of the most important issues in bridges destruction. It has been found that the occurrence of scouring on the bridges abutment is the most important cause of the destruction of bridges in all countries. Among the techniques of reducing scouring around the bridge abutment which are called “ indirect measures” is to modify the flow pattern and reduce the power of vortex vortices which are the main cause of scour. At the present study the performance of immerse vanes was investigated at a constant distance of 2 times of the abutment effective length and 4 different angles under four different flow conditions (Froude numbers = 0. 15, 0. 17, 0. 2 and 0. 22). The destruction of immerse vanes is impossible due to the installation of them above the bed and within the depth of the flow. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable angle of displacement of the vanes in the upstream of the bridge abutment, which will cause the least scouring. Materials and Methods: The experimental tests were conducted in a flume of 8 meters long and 1 meters wide. A rectangular abutment was installed at the middle of the test section (2 meters long) covered with bed of fine sand. Each test started by turning on the pump, which transfers the flow from the reservoir below the laboratory. The water flows through the flume after passing through a net that is filled with fibers in order to depreciate the flow fluctuations. At the end of the flume, after passing through the sliding valve, the flow into the pool was collected. At the end of the pond, a 53-degree triangular overflow was placed in order to measure the flow rate, which then flows into the underground reservoir. At the beginning of each experiment, after the leveling of the bed by opening the opening at the beginning of the flume, the flow gradually entered the flume so that the sediment would not be destroyed. After increasing the water level in the flume, the flow rate slowly increases to reach the desired flow rate. After adjusting the flow rate, the water level was set at the desired level of 15 cm and then the experiment lasted for four hours at a specified time. At the end of each experiment, the water was slowly drained from the flume. the purpose of this study was to compare the erosion and sedimentation pattern around the bridge abutment by changing the angles of the vanes, Therefore, the time of each test was considered to be 4 hours. At the end, the maximum scour depth and topography of the scour hole created around the ridge were taken by a laser meter with a precision of one millimeter and the data was saved in Excel files. Results: In this study, bed topography was taken for all experiments using laser meter and then plotted using Surfer software. The results showed that in all experiments, maximum scour depth was observed in the upper nose of the abutment and with increasing flow conditions, due to increased bed shear stress and the power of vortices around the structure, the maximum scour depth and scour hole volume increased. Also in this study, it was found that the angle of installation of the immerse vans has a great effect on the performance of the vanes in reducing the depth, surface and volume of the scouring hole. Conclusion: Generally, the results show that the use of immerse vanes significantly reduced the scouring compared to the case of no vanes. The most effective angle of installation was found to be equal to 65 degrees, which, on average, reduced the maximum depth of scouring, lenght and width by 66, 71 and 69 percent, respectively.

bridges play a critical role in the transportation system network, accordingly, assuring satisfaction with the service level of these structures is vital for bridge maintenance managers. Thus, it is vital to determine the optimum bridge maintenance plan (i. e., the optimum timing and type of repair activities applied to the bridge elements) considering the budget limitations. To optimize the bridge maintenance plan, some researchers have focused on developing optimization models, including the Genetic Algorithm (GA). However, a few studies have employed bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) to enhance bridge maintenance management. This study focuses on developing an integrated framework based on BrIM and bridge maintenance optimization to utilize visualization capabilities of BrIM to assist maintenance managers in making decisions. The presented framework optimizes the bridge maintenance plan at the sub-element level. The BrIM automatically feeds into the developed GA optimization system. The introduced framework is successfully verified using a real-world case study.

The maritime transport industry, often referred to as the backbone of global trade, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the movement of goods across international markets. Despite its importance, the industry is plagued by several persistent challenges that hinder its operational efficiency and Sustainability. Among the most critical are the imbalance of empty containers, environmental degradation due to emissions and fuel consumption, and inefficiencies in port operations. These issues collectively pose serious implications for cost management, environmental impact, and service reliability. In an effort to address these concerns, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective mathematical model that seeks to optimize three primary goals in an integrated manner: maximizing economic profitability, minimizing the imbalance of empty containers, and enhancing environmental Sustainability. The model is designed to reflect real-world shipping dynamics, incorporating the interactions between liner and feeder ships, multiple sea routes, and various types of ports, including hub, feeder, and satellite ports. To demonstrate the practical applicability and robustness of the model, a case study is conducted on a representative shipping network involving selected ports in the Middle East and East Asia. The model is implemented using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and its outputs are analyzed across three distinct time periods. Results indicate a significant reduction in the number of empty containers, along with concurrent improvements in both cost-effectiveness and environmental performance indicators. Additionally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis underscores the pivotal role of ship capacity in influencing system outcomes. However, it also reveals that improvements in a single dimension are insufficient for holistic system optimization. Effective and sustainable management of maritime transport requires a multidimensional strategy that balances economic, environmental, and operational factors. The proposed model offers valuable insights for decision-makers aiming to improve the resilience and Sustainability of global shipping networks.